IMEMR
EMRO
66.92
Index Copernicus
ICICICICICICICIC
Volume 2, Issue 2 (2021)
J Clinic Care Skill 2021, 2(2): 95-101 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Mohammadi J, Ramezani A, Hosseini M, Mohammadi B, Gaeini A. Changes in Lipid Profiles, Insulin Resistance and Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Following Three Types of Exercise Training in Obese Children. J Clinic Care Skill 2021; 2 (2) :95-101
URL: http://jccs.yums.ac.ir/article-1-105-en.html
URL: http://jccs.yums.ac.ir/article-1-105-en.html
1- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
2- Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
3- Department of Sports Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
4- Department of Pediatrics, Medicine Faculty, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran , drmohammadi114@gmail.com
5- Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
3- Department of Sports Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
4- Department of Pediatrics, Medicine Faculty, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran , drmohammadi114@gmail.com
5- Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (1190 Views)
Aims: Obesity and immobility predispose to cardiovascular disease. Today, changing childhood lifestyle may affect cardiovascular disease factors. This research aimed to determine the effect of three types of exercise training, including endurance exercise, resistance exercise, and combined exercise, on lipid profiles, insulin resistance, and serum FGF21 in obese children.
Materials & Methods: This experimental study was conducted on a total of 8-12 years old male students of elementary schools in Yasuj, Iran (N=18038) in October 2006. Sixty obese students, by the simple and voluntarily sampling method, were randomly allocated four groups (15 individuals): Resistance exercise, endurance exercise, and combined exercise, and control. Blood sampling was taken 24 hours before the start of the training period and 48 hours after the end latest session of the training period at the Laboratory of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Yasuj, and the factors such as Glucose, TC, TG, LDL, VLDL, HDL, VO2max, HOMA-Insulin Resistance, and Serum FGF-21 were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software using the ANCOVA test.
Findings: Their BMI and VO2max were 32.36±2.31kg/m2 and 23.06±1.72 lit/kg/min, respectively, which showed that subjects were non-active (sedentary) obese in pre-training. Results showed that eight weeks of EE, RE, and CE had a significant effect on increasing serum HDL (F=3.04; p<0.001) and on decreasing of glucose (F=2.98; p<0.001), TC (F=4.33; p<0.001), TG (F=5.44; p<0.001), LDL (F=4.86; p<0.001), VLDL (F=5.58; p<0.001). There was a significant difference between the training intervention groups in pre-training and post-training in the HOMA-Insulin Resistance variable (F=3.28; p<0.001), which had decreased, and serum FGF-21 (F=2.45; p<0.001) which had increased. Also, results illustrated that the EE method was better than RE and CE in improving these variables.
Conclusion: Applied training methods in this study, especially endurance exercise, can be considered suitable interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk factors related to obesity in childhood.
Materials & Methods: This experimental study was conducted on a total of 8-12 years old male students of elementary schools in Yasuj, Iran (N=18038) in October 2006. Sixty obese students, by the simple and voluntarily sampling method, were randomly allocated four groups (15 individuals): Resistance exercise, endurance exercise, and combined exercise, and control. Blood sampling was taken 24 hours before the start of the training period and 48 hours after the end latest session of the training period at the Laboratory of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Yasuj, and the factors such as Glucose, TC, TG, LDL, VLDL, HDL, VO2max, HOMA-Insulin Resistance, and Serum FGF-21 were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software using the ANCOVA test.
Findings: Their BMI and VO2max were 32.36±2.31kg/m2 and 23.06±1.72 lit/kg/min, respectively, which showed that subjects were non-active (sedentary) obese in pre-training. Results showed that eight weeks of EE, RE, and CE had a significant effect on increasing serum HDL (F=3.04; p<0.001) and on decreasing of glucose (F=2.98; p<0.001), TC (F=4.33; p<0.001), TG (F=5.44; p<0.001), LDL (F=4.86; p<0.001), VLDL (F=5.58; p<0.001). There was a significant difference between the training intervention groups in pre-training and post-training in the HOMA-Insulin Resistance variable (F=3.28; p<0.001), which had decreased, and serum FGF-21 (F=2.45; p<0.001) which had increased. Also, results illustrated that the EE method was better than RE and CE in improving these variables.
Conclusion: Applied training methods in this study, especially endurance exercise, can be considered suitable interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk factors related to obesity in childhood.
Keywords: Exercise [MeSH], Insulin resistance [MeSH], Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 [MeSH], Lipid [MeSH]
Article Type: Original Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2021/01/24 | Accepted: 2021/04/5 | Published: 2021/05/25
Received: 2021/01/24 | Accepted: 2021/04/5 | Published: 2021/05/25
References
1. Hamedinia M, Haghighi AH, Sardar MA, PoorJahad J. Effect of training in water on serum adiponectin and insulin resistance in obese children and adolescents. Metab Exerc. 2012;2(2):125-33. [Persian] [link]
2. Lloyd-Jones D, Adams R, Carnethon M, De Simone G, Ferguson TB, Flegal K, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2009 update: A report from the American heart association statistics committee and stroke statistics subcommittee. Circulation. 2009;119(3):21-181. [DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.191261] [PMID]
3. Sampasa-Kanyinga H, Standage M, Tremblay MS, Katzmarzyk PT, Hu G, Kuriyan R, et al. Associations between meeting combinations of 24-h movement guidelines and health-related quality of life in children from 12 countries. Public Health. 2017;153:16-24. [DOI:10.1016/j.puhe.2017.07.010] [PMID]
4. Siah koohyan M. Effects of endurance training on apoB.apoA1 and LDL size in middle-aged men [dissertation]. Tehran: Tarbiat Modares University; 2001. [Persian] [link]
5. Taghian F, Esfarjani F, Mirsafaei R. The relationship between leptin level changes with some cardiovascular risk factors in obese girls in aerobic training effect. Exerc Physiol. 2010;26:73-85. [Persian] [link]
6. Fowkes FGR, Murray GD, Butcher I, Heald CL, Lee RJ, Chambless LE, et al. Ankle brachial index combined with Framingham risk score to predict cardiovascular events and mortality: A meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008;300(2):197-208. [DOI:10.1001/jama.300.2.197] [PMID] [PMCID]
7. Atashak S, Jafari A, Azarbaijani MA. The long-term effects of resistance training on adiponectin and lipid profile in obese men. Razi J Med Sci. 2011;18(86):1-11. [Persian] [link]
8. Bijeh N, Abbasian S. Comparison of the effect of Ramazan month's fasting and regular endurance training on indicators of lipocalin-2, lipid profile and insulin resistance in inactive obese individuals. Razi J Med Sci. 2013;20(111):16-29. [Persian] [link]
9. Sypniewska G. Laboratory assessment of cardiometabolic risk in overweight and obese children. Clin biochem. 2015;48(6):370-6. [DOI:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.12.024] [PMID]
10. Karimi Zarchi AA, Naghiee MR. The prevalence of coronary artery risk factors disease and the effect of lifestyle modification advices. Kowsar Med J. 2009;14(3):157-62. [Persian] [link]
11. Besse-Patin A, Montastier E, Vinel C, Castan-Laurell I, Louche K, Dray C, et al. effect of endurance training on skeletal muscle myokine expression in obese men: Identification of apelin as a novel myokine. Int J Obes. 2014;38(5):707-13. [DOI:10.1038/ijo.2013.158] [PMID]
12. Kim KH, Kim SH, Min YK, Yang HM, Lee JB, Lee MS. Acute exercise induces FGF21 expression in mice and in healthy humans. PLoS One. 2013;8(5):63517. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0063517] [PMID] [PMCID]
13. Ramezani AR, Gaeini AA, Hosseini M, Mohammadi J. Effect of endurance, strength and combined training on lipid profile, insulin resistance, and serum adiponectin levels in inactive obese children. ARMAGHANE DANESH. 2016;21(7):641-54. [Persian] [link]
14. Mediano MFF, Neves FA, De Souza Rodrigues Cunha AC, De Souza EPG, Moura AS, Sichieri R. Changes in body weight, C-reactive protein, and total adiponectin in non-obese women after 12 months of a small-volume, home-based exercise program. Clinics. 2013;68(8):1121-7. [DOI:10.6061/clinics/2013(08)10]
15. Ko BJ, Kim SM, Park KH, Park HS, Mantzoros CS. Levels of circulating selenoprotein P, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 and FGF23 in relation to the metabolic syndrome in young children. Int J Obes. 2014;38(12):1497-502. [DOI:10.1038/ijo.2014.45] [PMID]
16. Taniguchi H, Tanisawa K, Sun X, Cao ZB, Oshima S, Ise R, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness and visceral fat are key determinants of serum FGF21 concentration in Japanese men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(10):1877-84. [DOI:10.1210/jc.2014-1877] [PMID]
17. Nazem MR, Imami SA, Yaghmaei B, Shekarriz R, Hedaiati M. Serum adiponectin levels in people with low and subclinical hyperthyroid. Iran J Endocrinol Metab. 2013;15(3):279-84. [Persian] [link]
18. Ahmadizad S, Haghighi AH, Hamedinia MR. Resistance versus endurance training on serum adiponectin and insulin resistance index in healthy men. Eur J Endocrinol. 2007;157(5):625-31. [DOI:10.1530/EJE-07-0223] [PMID]
19. Takhshid MA, Qhasemi M. Laboratory method for determining the sensitivity and insulin resistance. J Lab Diagn. 2014;6(23):8-13. [Persian] [link]
20. Ten Hoor GA, Plasqui G, Ruiter RAC, Kremers SPJ, Rutten GM, Schols AMW, et al. A new direction in psychology and health: Resistance exercise training for obese children and adolescents. Psychol Health. 2016;31(1):1-8. [DOI:10.1080/08870446.2015.1070158] [PMID] [PMCID]
21. Mogharnasi M, Eslami R, Behnam B. Effects of endurance and circuit resistance trainings on lipid profile, heart rate, and hematological parameters in obese male students. Ann Appl Sport Sci. 2014;2(4):11-22. [Persian] [DOI:10.18869/acadpub.aassjournal.2.4.11]
22. Ramezani AR, Gaeini AA, Hosseini M, Mohammadi J. Survey on metabolic cardiovascular risk factors changes following eight weeks of endurance, strength and combined training in sedentary obese children 8-12 years old. Sport Physiol. 2018;9(36):89-108. [Persian] [link]
23. Santos DA, Marques A, Minderico CS, Ekelund U, Sardinha LB. A cross-sectional and prospective analyse of reallocating sedentary time to physical activity on children's cardiorespiratory fitness. J Sports Sci. 2018;36(15):1720-6. [DOI:10.1080/02640414.2017.1411176] [PMID]
24. Cavarretta E, Mastroiacovo G, Lupieri A, Frati G, Peruzzi M. The positive effects of exercise in chemotherapy-related cardiomyopathy. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;1000:103-29. [DOI:10.1007/978-981-10-4304-8_8] [PMID]
25. Kim JY, Kim ES, Jeon JY, Jekal Y. Improved Insulin resistance, adiponectin and liver enzymes without change in plasma vaspin level after 12 weeks of exercise training among obese male adolescents. Korean J Obes. 2011;20(3):138-46. [DOI:10.7570/kjo.2011.20.3.138]
26. Thompson PD, Arena R, Riebe D, Pescatello LS. ACSM's new preparticipation health screening recommendations from ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription, ninth edition. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2013;12(4):215-7. [DOI:10.1249/JSR.0b013e31829a68cf] [PMID]
27. Tanaka H, Monahan KD, Seals DR. Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37(1):153-6. [DOI:10.1016/S0735-1097(00)01054-8]
28. Ramezani A, Gaeini AA, Hosseini M, Mohammadi J, Mohammadi B. Effects of three methods of exercise training on cardiovascular risk factors in obese boys. Iran J Pediatr. 2017;27(5):7145. [Persian] [DOI:10.5812/ijp.7145]
29. Molinari-Buchi B, Barth J, Janner M, Frey P. Overweight and obesity in children: Known facts and new trends. Rev Med Suisse. 2010;6(249):1022-5. [link]
30. Abramson JL, Vaccarino V. Relationship between physical activity and inflammation among apparently healthy middle-aged and older U.S. adults. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162(11):1286-92. [DOI:10.1001/archinte.162.11.1286] [PMID]
31. De Boer RA, Nayor M, De Filippi CR, Enserro D, Bhambhani V, Kizer JR, et al. Association of cardiovascular biomarkers with incident heart failure with preserved and reduced ejection fraction. JAMA Cardiol. 2018;3(3):215-24. [DOI:10.1001/jamacardio.2017.4987] [PMID] [PMCID]
32. Williams MA, Haskell WL, Ades PA, Amsterdam FA, Bittner V, Franklin BA, et al. Resistance exercise in individuals with and without cardiovascular disease: 2007 update: A scientific statement from the American heart association council on clinical cardiology and council on nutrition, physical activity, and metabolism. Circulation. 2007;116(5):572-84. [DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185214] [PMID]
33. Kriketos AD, Gan SK, Poynten AM, Furler SM, Chisholm DJ, Campbell LV. Exercise increase adiponectin levels and insulin sensivity in humans. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(2):629-30. [DOI:10.2337/diacare.27.2.629] [PMID]
34. Holten MK, Zacho M, Gaster M, Juel C, Wojtaszewski JFP, Dela F. Strength training increases in insulin mediated glucose uptake, GLUT4, content, and insulin signaling in skeletal muscle in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2004;53(2):294-305. [DOI:10.2337/diabetes.53.2.294] [PMID]
35. Amouzou C, Breuker C, Fabre O, Bourret A, Lambert K, Birot O, et al. Skeletal muscle insulin resistance and absence of inflammation characterize insulin-resistant grade I obese women. PLoS One. 2016;11(4):0154119. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0154119] [PMID] [PMCID]
36. Justesen JM, Andersson EA, Allin KH, Sandholt CH, Jorgensen T, Linneberg A, et al. Increasing insulin resistance accentuates the effect of triglyceride-associated loci on serum triglycerides during 5 years. J Lipid Res. 2016;57(12):2193-99. [DOI:10.1194/jlr.P068379] [PMID] [PMCID]
37. Srisawat K, Shepherd SO, Lisboa PJ, Burniston JG. A systematic review and meta-analysis of proteomics literature on the response of human skeletal muscle to obesity/type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) versus exercise training. Proteomes. 2017;5(4):30. [DOI:10.3390/proteomes5040030] [PMID] [PMCID]
38. Yang SJ, Hong HC, Choi HY, Yoo HJ, Cho GJ, Hwang TG, et al. Effects of a three-month combined exercise programme on FGF21 and fetuin-a levels and arterial stiffness in obese women. Clin Endocrinol. 2011;75(4):464-9. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04078.x] [PMID]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |