en Mental Health Mental Health پژوهشی اصيل Original Research <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,serif"><span style="color:#44546a">Aims:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,serif">Opioid use disorder severely impacts psychological well-being, particularly in women, highlighting the need for targeted psychological interventions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of compassion-focused therapy on self-control and cognitive flexibility in women with opioid use disorder.</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,serif"><span style="color:#44546a">Materials & Methods:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,serif">This clinical trial was conducted in 2025 among treatment-seeking women in Ahvaz, Iran. Using convenience sampling, 30 eligible women were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (n=15 per group). The experimental group received eight 90-minute compassion-focused therapy sessions, while the control group received no additional intervention during this period. Data were collected using the Brief Self-Control Scale and the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory. Data were analyzed using a mixed-design ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni post-hoc tests.</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,serif"><span style="color:#44546a">Findings:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,serif">There was a significant difference between the two groups post-intervention. Specifically, compassion-focused therapy significantly enhanced self-control and cognitive flexibility in the experimental group compared with the control group (p<0.001).</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,serif"><span style="color:#44546a">Conclusion:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,serif">Compassion-focused therapy is effective for enhancing self-regulation and cognitive adaptability in women with opioid use disorder.</span></span></span></span></span> Opioid-Related Disorders, Compassion, Self-Control, Cognitive Flexibility, Psychotherapy 33 38 http://jccs.yums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-412-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 M. Yazdanipour 10031947532846006553 10031947532846006553 Yes Department of Psychology, Ahv.C. (Ahvaz Campus), Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran K. Kazemian Moghadam 10031947532846006554 10031947532846006554 No Department of Psychology, Dez.C. (Dezful Campus), Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran M. Shahbazi 10031947532846006555 10031947532846006555 No Department of Counseling, MaS.C. (Masjed Soleiman Campus), Islamic Azad University, Masjed Soleiman, Iran