Journal of Clinical Care and Skills

en The Relationship Between D-dimer Serum Levels and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Manual Therapy and Rehabilitation Manual Therapy and Rehabilitation توصيفی و نظرسنجی Descriptive Study Aims: Diabetic retinopathy is a major complication of type 2 diabetes associated with microvascular damage and potential vision loss. D-dimer, a fibrin degradation product, serves as a marker of coagulation and fibrinolysis and may play a role in the development of diabetic retinopathy. This study investigated the relationship between plasma D-dimer levels and the presence of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Instrument & Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study included 60 patients with type 2 diabetes, divided into the diabetic retinopathy group (n=30) and the non-DR group (n=30). Clinical and demographic data, including age, gender, duration of diabetes, medication use, and D-dimer levels, were collected and analyzed. Independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney tests, and univariate linear regression were used for statistical analysis. Findings: Patients with diabetic retinopathy were significantly older than those without it (57.60±8.97 vs. 51.33±11.01 years; p=0.019), and diabetes duration as well as D-dimer levels were higher in the retinopathy group (p=0.001). D-dimer levels showed a positive correlation with retinopathy (Spearman’s rho=0.41; p=0.001), and in multivariable logistic regression, gender (p=0.018) and D-dimer (p=0.028) remained significant independent predictors, while age and diabetes duration were not significant. The ROC analysis demonstrated good discriminatory ability of D-dimer for DR (AUC=0.74; p<0.05; 95% CI: 0.61–0.87), with an optimal cut-off of 0.21 yielding 80% sensitivity and a 36% false positive rate. Conclusion: Diabetic retinopathy is significantly associated with higher D-dimer levels alongside older age, longer diabetes duration, and distinct medication patterns.   Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Retinopathy , D-dimer 51 56 http://jccs.yums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-415-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 S.M. Ahmadi 10031947532846006672 10031947532846006672 Yes Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran A. Ariya 10031947532846006673 10031947532846006673 No Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran N.Z. Gorjipour 10031947532846006674 10031947532846006674 No Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran L. Manzouri 10031947532846006675 10031947532846006675 No “Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine” and “Social Determinants of Health Research Center”, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran