en Manual Therapy and Rehabilitation Manual Therapy and Rehabilitation پژوهشی اصيل Original Research <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#0070c0"><b><span style="color:black">Introduction: </span></b><span style="color:black">Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D) associated with microvascular damage and potential vision loss. D-dimer, a fibrin degradation product, serves as a marker of coagulation and fibrinolysis and may play a role in the development of DR.This study aims to investigate the association between plasma D-dimer levels and the presence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#0070c0"><b><span style="color:black">Materials & Methods: &nbsp;</span></b><span style="color:black">This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study included 60 patients with T2D, divided into two groups: the DR group (n=30) and the non-DR group (n=30). Clinical and demographic data, including age, gender, duration of diabetes, medication use, and D-dimer levels, were collected and analyzed. Independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney tests, and univariate linear regression were employed for statistical analysis.</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#0070c0"><b><span style="color:black">Findings: </span></b><span style="color:black">The mean age of patients with DR was significantly higher than that of those without DR (57.60 &plusmn; 8.97 years vs. 51.33 &plusmn; 11.01 years, P=0.019). Univariate linear regression indicated a direct and significant relationship between D-dimer levels and DR (odds ratio: 0.34; P=0.009).</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#0070c0"><b><span style="color:black">Conclusions: </span></b><span style="color:black">This study demonstrated that higher D-dimer levels are significantly associated with DR in T2D patients, along with older age, longer duration of diabetes, and distinct patterns of medication use. These findings suggest that D-dimer may be a potential biomarker for identifying T2D patients at greater risk for DR.</span><b><span style="color:black"></span></b></span></span></span></span><br> <br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#00b050"><b><span lang="FA" dir="RTL" style="color:black"></span></b></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; ,Type Diabetic,Retinopathy,D-dimer 1001 1006 http://jccs.yums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-415-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 S.M. Ahmadi majidsahmadi1385@gmail.com 10031947532846006600 10031947532846006600 Yes A. Ariya arya91842@yahoo.com 10031947532846006601 10031947532846006601 No N.Z. Gorjipour Zahragorjipour@gmail.com 10031947532846006602 10031947532846006602 No L. Manzouri Manzourileila@yahoo.Com 10031947532846006603 10031947532846006603 No