IMEMR
66.92
Volume 3, Issue 4 (2022)                   J Clinic Care Skill 2022, 3(4): 149-154 | Back to browse issues page
Article Type:
Original Research |

Print XML PDF HTML


History

How to cite this article
Yazdanpanah P, Vafaei F, Afrouz S. Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 by Potential Laboratory Factors. J Clinic Care Skill 2022; 3 (4) :149-154
URL: http://jccs.yums.ac.ir/article-1-152-en.html
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Rights and permissions
1- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
2- Departments of Pediatrician, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
3- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran , s.afrouz92@gmail.com
Abstract   (1269 Views)
Aims: COVID-19 is associated with infection and high death rate. The unresolved questions about the fatality rate of COVID-19 is most probably related to cytokine storm syndrome. There is currently no specific medication. Understanding the laboratory diagnostic tests will lead to the production of treatment and decreases of death rate. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of peripheral blood parameters (Interleukin-6, Ferritin and hematological parameters) in COVID-19 patients
Materials & Methods: In this descriptive-comparative study, data was collected from 270 subjects in two groups according to RT-PCR test results, including 133 COVID-19 patients and 137 non-COVID-19 patients, between March 20 and May 21, 2020. The clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of patients were collected from electronic Health Information Systems using data collection forms in Shahid Jalil Hospital of Yasuj University of medical sciences, Yasuj, Iran. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 20. Chi-square, Mann-Whitney tests and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data.
Findings: There were no significant differences in the age and sex ratio between two groups. The mean IL-6 and Ferritin levels and hematological parameters between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients were significantly different (p=0.001).
Conclusion: The coronavirus affects the inflammatory markers specifically IL-6 and Ferritin and hematological parameters (WBC, Lymphocytes, Neutrophils, Platelet and Hb).

 
Keywords:

References
1. de Wit E, van Doremalen N, Falzarano D, Munster VJ. SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2016;14(8):523-34. [DOI:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.81] [PMID] [PMCID]
2. Lovato A, de Filippis C, Marioni G. Upper airway symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Am J Otolaryngol. 2020;41(3):1024743. [DOI:10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102474] [PMID] [PMCID]
3. Gupta KK, Khan MA, Singh SK. Constitutive inflammatory cytokine storm: a major threat to human health. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2020;40(1):19-23. [DOI:10.1089/jir.2019.0085] [PMID]
4. Lucena-Silva N, Torres LC, Luna CF, de Barros Correia J, da Silva GAP. The balance between the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines discriminates mild and severe acute pneumonia. BMC Pulm Med. 2016;16(1):170. [DOI:10.1186/s12890-016-0324-z] [PMID] [PMCID]
5. Yi Y, Lagniton PN, Ye S, Li E, Xu R-H. COVID-19: What has been learned and to be learned about the novel coronavirus disease. International J Biol Sci. 2020;16(10):1753-66. [DOI:10.7150/ijbs.45134] [PMID] [PMCID]
6. Ai T, Yang Z, Hou H, Zhan C, Chen C, Lv W, et al. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A report of 1014 cases. Radiology. 2020:296(2):E32-E40. [DOI:10.1148/radiol.2020200642] [PMID] [PMCID]
7. Poortahmasebi V, Zandi M, Soltani S, Jazayeri SM. Clinical performance of RT-PCR and chest CT scan for Covid-19 diagnosis: A systematic review. Adv J Emerg Med. 2020;4(2s):e57. [link]
8. Tahamtan A, Ardebili A. Real-time RT-PCR in COVID-19 detection: Issues affecting the results. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2020;20(5):453-4. [DOI:10.1080/14737159.2020.1757437] [PMID] [PMCID]
9. Magrone T, Magrone M, Jirillo E. Focus on receptors for Coronaviruses with special reference to angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 as a Potential drug target-A perspective. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2020;20(6):807-11. https://doi.org/10.2174/22123873MTA2iMTYgx [DOI:10.2174/1871530320666200427112902]
10. Kruse RL. Therapeutic strategies in an outbreak scenario to treat the novel Coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China. F1000Res. 2020;9:72. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22211.1 [DOI:10.12688/f1000research.22211.2] [PMCID]
11. Tanaka T, Narazaki M, Kishimoto T. IL-6 in inflammation, immunity, and disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2014;6(10):a016295. [DOI:10.1101/cshperspect.a016295] [PMID] [PMCID]
12. Vaninov N. In the eye of the COVID-19 cytokine storm. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020;20(6):277. [DOI:10.1038/s41577-020-0305-6] [PMID] [PMCID]
13. Jaramillo-Rocha V. Acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(19):1903-4. [DOI:10.1056/NEJMc1711824]
14. Ye Q, Wang B, Mao J. The pathogenesis and treatment of theCytokine Storm'in COVID-19. J Infect. 2020;80(6):607-13. [DOI:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.037] [PMID] [PMCID]
15. Gabay C. Interleukin-6 and chronic inflammation. Arthritis Res Ther. 2006;8(2):S3. [DOI:10.1186/ar1917] [PMID] [PMCID]
16. O'Neill L, McCormick J, Gao W, Veale DJ, McCarthy GM, Murphy CC, et al. Interleukin-6 does not upregulate pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in an ex vivo model of giant cell arteritis. Rheumatol Adv Pract. 2019;3(1):rkz011. [DOI:10.1093/rap/rkz011] [PMID] [PMCID]
17. Liu T, Zhang J, Yang Y, Zhang L, Ma H, Li Z, et al. The role of interleukin-6 in monitoring severe case of coronavirus disease 2019. EMBO Mol Med. 2020;12(7):e12421. [DOI:10.15252/emmm.202012421]
18. Wang M, Zhou Y, Zong Z, Liang Z, Cao Y, Tang H, et al. A precision medicine approach to managing 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia. Precis Clin Med. 2020;3(1):14-21. [DOI:10.1093/pcmedi/pbaa002] [PMID] [PMCID]
19. Miao M, De Clercq E, Li G. Clinical significance of chemokine receptor antagonists. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2020;16(1):11-30. [DOI:10.1080/17425255.2020.1711884] [PMID]
20. Jin J-M, Bai P, He W, Wu F, Liu X-F, Han D-M, et al. Gender differences in patients with COVID-19: Focus on severity and mortality. Front Public Health. 2020;8:152. [DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00152] [PMID] [PMCID]
21. Kermali M, Khalsa RK, Pillai K, Ismail Z, Harky A. The role of biomarkers in diagnosis of COVID-19-A systematic review. Life Sci. 2020;254:117788. [DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117788] [PMID] [PMCID]
22. Coomes EA, Haghbayan H. Interleukin-6 in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Med Virol. 2020;30(6):1-9. [DOI:10.1002/rmv.2141] [PMID] [PMCID]
23. Zhang C, Wu Z, Li J-W, Zhao H, Wang G-Q. The cytokine release syndrome (CRS) of severe COVID-19 and Interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) antagonist Tocilizumab may be the key to reduce the mortality. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;55(5):105954. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105954] [PMID] [PMCID]
24. Ruan Q, Yang K, Wang W, Jiang L, Song J. Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(5):846-8. [DOI:10.1007/s00134-020-05991-x] [PMID] [PMCID]
25. Chen L, Liu H, Liu W, Liu J, Liu K, Shang J, et al. Analysis of clinical features of 29 patients with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2020;43:E005. [link]
26. Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, Zhou X, Xu S, Huang H, et al. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med. 2020;180(7):934-43. [DOI:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994] [PMID] [PMCID]
27. Huang Y, Tu M, Wang S, Chen S, Zhou W, Chen D, et al. Clinical characteristics of laboratory confirmed positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: A retrospective single center analysis. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020;36:101606. [DOI:10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101606] [PMID] [PMCID]
28. Chomarat P, Banchereau J, Davoust J, Palucka AK. IL-6 switches the differentiation of monocytes from dendritic cells to macrophages. Nat Immunol. 2000;1(6):510-4. [DOI:10.1038/82763] [PMID]
29. Fielding CA, McLoughlin RM, McLeod L, Colmont CS, Najdovska M, Grail D, et al. IL-6 regulates neutrophil trafficking during acute inflammation via STAT3. J Immunol. 2008;181(3):2189-95. [DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.181.3.2189] [PMID]
30. Colafrancesco S, Priori R, Alessandri C, Astorri E, Perricone C, Blank M, et al. sCD163 in AOSD: A biomarker for macrophage activation related to hyperferritinemia. Immunol Res. 2014;60(2):177-83. [DOI:10.1007/s12026-014-8563-7] [PMID]
31. Ruscitti P, Berardicurti O, Cipriani P, Iagnocco A, Shoenfeld Y. Severe hyper-inflammatory COVID-19, another piece in the puzzle of the "htperferritinemic syndrome". Front Immunol. 2020;11:1130. [DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01130] [PMID] [PMCID]
32. Shoenfeld Y. Corona (COVID-19) time musings: Our involvement in COVID-19 pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and vaccine planning. Autoimmun Rev. 2020;19(6):102538. [DOI:10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102538] [PMID] [PMCID]
33. Guan W-j, Ni Z-y, Hu Y, Liang W-h, Ou C-q, He J-x, et al. Clinical characteristics of Coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(18):1708-20. [DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2002032] [PMID] [PMCID]
34. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054-62. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3] [PMID]
35. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5] [PMID]
36. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061-9. [DOI:10.1001/jama.2020.1585] [PMID] [PMCID]
37. Yun H, Sun Z, Wu J, Tang A, Hu M, Xiang Z. Laboratory data analysis of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) screening in 2510 patients. Clin Chim Acta. 2020;507:4-97. [DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2020.04.018] [PMID] [PMCID]
38. Lippi G, Mattiuzzi C. Hemoglobin value may be decreased in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther. 2020;42(2):116-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.htct.2020.03.001] [PMID] [PMCID]
39. Xu P, Zhou Q, Xu J. Mechanism of thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 patients. Ann Hematol. 2020;99(6):1205-8. [DOI:10.1007/s00277-020-04019-0] [PMID] [PMCID]