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Volume 6, Issue 3 (2025)
J Clinic Care Skill 2025, 6(3): 1001-1008 |
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Ethics code: IR.SBMU.NNFTRI.REC.1399.067
History
Received: 2025/07/12 | Accepted: 2025/07/14 | Published: 2025/07/1
Received: 2025/07/12 | Accepted: 2025/07/14 | Published: 2025/07/1
How to cite this article
Haghshenosabet F, Eslamian G, Kazemi S N, Rashidkhani B. Association between ultra-processed foods before pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum: a case-control study. J Clinic Care Skill 2025; 6 (3) :1001-1008
URL: http://jccs.yums.ac.ir/article-1-416-en.html
URL: http://jccs.yums.ac.ir/article-1-416-en.html
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1- , gh_eslamian@yahoo.com
Abstract (20 Views)
Aims: Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a multifactorial pregnancy disorder characterized by severe nausea and vomiting, often necessitating hospitalization. While its etiology remains incompletely understood, dietary factors may play a significant role. This study investigates the association between pre-pregnancy consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and the incidence of HG.
Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in Tehran, Iran, from April 2020 to June 2021, involving 45 newly diagnosed HG cases and 126 controls. HG diagnosis followed the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology criteria. Pre-pregnancy UPF intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, with foods classified according to the NOVA system. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders were employed to evaluate the association between UPF consumption and HG risk.
Findings: After adjusting for covariates, significant inverse associations were observed between higher UPF intake and HG risk. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the highest vs. lowest tertile of UPF consumption were as follows: total UPFs (OR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.19–0.48; P-trend = 0.002), dairy beverages (OR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.09–0.52; P-trend = 0.048), and processed meats/fast foods (OR: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.06–0.71; P-trend = 0.015).
Conclusion: These findings suggest that lower pre-pregnancy UPF consumption is associated with reduced odds of developing HG. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these observations and explore potential mechanisms.
Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in Tehran, Iran, from April 2020 to June 2021, involving 45 newly diagnosed HG cases and 126 controls. HG diagnosis followed the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology criteria. Pre-pregnancy UPF intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, with foods classified according to the NOVA system. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders were employed to evaluate the association between UPF consumption and HG risk.
Findings: After adjusting for covariates, significant inverse associations were observed between higher UPF intake and HG risk. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the highest vs. lowest tertile of UPF consumption were as follows: total UPFs (OR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.19–0.48; P-trend = 0.002), dairy beverages (OR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.09–0.52; P-trend = 0.048), and processed meats/fast foods (OR: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.06–0.71; P-trend = 0.015).
Conclusion: These findings suggest that lower pre-pregnancy UPF consumption is associated with reduced odds of developing HG. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these observations and explore potential mechanisms.