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Volume 7, Issue 2 (2026)
J Clinic Care Skill 2026, 7(2): 51-56 |
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Ethics code: IR.YUMS.REC.1403.029
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Received: 2026/01/23 | Accepted: 2026/03/25 | Published: 2026/04/15
Received: 2026/01/23 | Accepted: 2026/03/25 | Published: 2026/04/15
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Ahmadi S, Ariya A, Gorjipour N, Manzouri L. The Relationship Between D-dimer Serum Levels and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. J Clinic Care Skill 2026; 7 (2) :51-56
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URL: http://jccs.yums.ac.ir/article-1-496-en.html
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1- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
2- “Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine” and “Social Determinants of Health Research Center”, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
2- “Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine” and “Social Determinants of Health Research Center”, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
Abstract (512 Views)
Aims: Diabetic retinopathy is a major complication of type 2 diabetes associated with microvascular damage and potential vision loss. D-dimer, a fibrin degradation product, serves as a marker of coagulation and fibrinolysis and may play a role in the development of diabetic retinopathy. This study investigated the relationship between plasma D-dimer levels and the presence of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Instrument & Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study included 60 patients with type 2 diabetes, divided into the diabetic retinopathy group (n=30) and the non-DR group (n=30). Clinical and demographic data, including age, gender, duration of diabetes, medication use, and D-dimer levels, were collected and analyzed. Independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney tests, and univariate linear regression were used for statistical analysis.
Findings: Patients with diabetic retinopathy were significantly older than those without it (57.60±8.97 vs. 51.33±11.01 years; p=0.019), and diabetes duration as well as D-dimer levels were higher in the retinopathy group (p=0.001). D-dimer levels showed a positive correlation with retinopathy (Spearman’s rho=0.41; p=0.001), and in multivariable logistic regression, gender (p=0.018) and D-dimer (p=0.028) remained significant independent predictors, while age and diabetes duration were not significant. The ROC analysis demonstrated good discriminatory ability of D-dimer for DR (AUC=0.74; p<0.05; 95% CI: 0.61–0.87), with an optimal cut-off of 0.21 yielding 80% sensitivity and a 36% false positive rate.
Conclusion: Diabetic retinopathy is significantly associated with higher D-dimer levels alongside older age, longer diabetes duration, and distinct medication patterns.
Instrument & Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study included 60 patients with type 2 diabetes, divided into the diabetic retinopathy group (n=30) and the non-DR group (n=30). Clinical and demographic data, including age, gender, duration of diabetes, medication use, and D-dimer levels, were collected and analyzed. Independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney tests, and univariate linear regression were used for statistical analysis.
Findings: Patients with diabetic retinopathy were significantly older than those without it (57.60±8.97 vs. 51.33±11.01 years; p=0.019), and diabetes duration as well as D-dimer levels were higher in the retinopathy group (p=0.001). D-dimer levels showed a positive correlation with retinopathy (Spearman’s rho=0.41; p=0.001), and in multivariable logistic regression, gender (p=0.018) and D-dimer (p=0.028) remained significant independent predictors, while age and diabetes duration were not significant. The ROC analysis demonstrated good discriminatory ability of D-dimer for DR (AUC=0.74; p<0.05; 95% CI: 0.61–0.87), with an optimal cut-off of 0.21 yielding 80% sensitivity and a 36% false positive rate.
Conclusion: Diabetic retinopathy is significantly associated with higher D-dimer levels alongside older age, longer diabetes duration, and distinct medication patterns.
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