1. Yosefnia Darzi F, Hasavari F, Khaleghdost Mohammadi T, Kazemnejad leily E, Ashraf A, Hoseini J. The effects of rib cage compression before endotracheal suctioning. J Holist Nurs Midwifery. 2015;25(3):74-85. [Persian] [
link]
2. Rafiee H, Iranmanesh S, Sabzevari S. Comparison of the endotracheal tube suctioning with and without normal saline solution on heart rate and oxygen saturation. Iran J Crit Care Nurs. 2011;4(3):117-20. [
link]
3. Soleimani M, Heidari S, Ghorbani R, Malek F. Effect of sensory stimulation on respiratory function of patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Koomesh. 2017;19(2):429-37. [Persian] [
link]
4. Caparros ACS, Forbes A. Mechanical ventilation and the role of saline instillation in suctioning adult intensive care unit patients: An evidence-based practice review. Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 2014;33(4):246-53. [
DOI:10.1097/DCC.0000000000000049] [
PMID]
5. Faraji A, Khatony A, Moradi G, Abdi A, Rezaei M. Open and closed endotracheal suctioning and arterial blood gas values: a single-blind crossover randomized clinical trial. Crit Care Res Pract. 2015;2015: 470842. [
DOI:10.1155/2015/470842] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
6. de Freitas Vianna JR, Di Lorenzo VAP, da Silva Simões MML, Jamami M. Comparing the effects of two different levels of hyperoxygenation on gas exchange during open endotracheal suctioning: A randomized crossover study. Respir Care. 2017;62(1):92-101. [
DOI:10.4187/respcare.04665] [
PMID]
7. Dastdadeh R, Ebadi A, Vahedian-Azimi A. Comparison of the effect of open and closed endotracheal suctioning methods on pain and agitation in medical ICU patients: A clinical trial. Anesth Pain Med. 2016;6(5):e38337. [
DOI:10.5812/aapm.38337] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
8. Jongerden IP, Kesecioglu J, Speelberg B, Buiting AG, Leverstein-van Hall MA, Bonten MJ. Changes in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and oxygen saturation after open and closed endotracheal suctioning: A prospective observational study. J Crit Care. 2012;27(6):647-54. [
DOI:10.1016/j.jcrc.2012.02.016] [
PMID]
9. Schults JA, Cooke M, Long DA, Schibler A, Ware RS, Mitchell ML. Normal saline instillation versus no normal saline instillation And lung Recruitment versus no lung recruitment with paediatric Endotracheal Suction: the NARES trial, A study protocol for a pilot, factorial randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2018;8(1):e019789. [
like]
10. Yazdannik AR, Haghighat S, Saghaei M, Eghbali M. Comparing two levels of closed system suction pressure in ICU patients: Evaluating the relative safety of higher values of suction pressure. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2013;18(2):117. [
link]
11. Elmansoury A, Said H. Closed suction system versus open suction. Egypt J Chest Dis Tuberc. 2017;66(3):509-15. [
DOI:10.1016/j.ejcdt.2016.08.001]
12. Johnson KL, Kearney PA, Johnson SB, Niblett JB, MacMillan NL, McClain RE. Closed versus open endotracheal suctioning: costs and physiologic consequences. Crit Care Med. 1994;22(4):658-66. [
DOI:10.1097/00003246-199404000-00023] [
PMID]
13. Adib M, Ghanbari A, Alavi CE, Leyli EK. Effect of endotracheal suctioning with and without normal saline on hemodynamic and respiratory parameters in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in ICU of hospitals supervised by Guilan university of medical sciences. Biomedical Pharmacol J. 2015;7(2):515-23. [
DOI:10.13005/bpj/519]
14. Rodrigues R, Sawada A, Rouby JJ, Fukuda M, Neves F, Carmona M, et al. Computed tomography assessment of lung structure in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2011;44:598-605. [
DOI:10.1590/S0100-879X2011007500048] [
PMID]
15. Subirana M, Solà I, Benito S. Closed tracheal suction systems versus open tracheal suction systems for mechanically ventilated adult patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;2007(4):CD004581. [
DOI:10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181678c9c]
16. Shirvani Y, Payami Bousari M, Kashani S, Mosavi Nasab S. Effect of expiratory rib-cage compression prior to endotracheal suctioning on arterial blood Oxygenation in mechanically ventilated patients. J Adv Med Biomed Res. 2012;20(81):9-17. [Persian] [
link]
17. Abbasinia M, Irajpour A, Babaii A, Shamali M, Vahdatnezhad J. Comparison the effects of shallow and deep endotracheal tube suctioning on respiratory rate, arterial blood oxygen saturation and number of suctioning in patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit: a randomized controlled trial. J Caring Sci. 2014;3(3):157-64. [
link]
18. Mohammadi N, Parviz S, Peyravi H, Hosseini AF. Effect of endotracheal suctioning education for nurses on patients' hemodynamic parameters. J Hayat. 2012;18(2):38-46. [Persian] [
link]
19. Lavigne MC. Comparing suctioning techniques used to assist mechanical ventilation: Protecting you and your patients. Int J Infect Control. 2016;12:i2. [
DOI:10.3396/IJIC.v12i2.008.16]
20. Afshari A, Safari M, Oshvandi K, Soltanian A. Comparison the effect of open and closed endotracheal suctioning systems on heart disrhythmia in mechanically ventilated patients. Avicenna J Nurs Midwifery Care. 2013;21(4):5-11. [Persian] [
link]
21. Zarea. F, Pishgooie A. The effect of standard and routine endotracheal suctioning on hemodynamic indexes of patients admitted to the intensive care unit of AJA selected hospital. J Military Caring Sci. 2016;3(3):185-91. [Persian] [
DOI:10.18869/acadpub.mcs.3.3.185]
22. Restrepo RD, Brown JM, JM. H. AARC clinical practice Guidlines . Endotracheal suctioning of mechanicaally ventilated with artificial airways 2010. Respir Care 2010;55(6):758-64. [
link]
23. Akbar Vaisi-Raygani A, Jafari Z, Rezaei M, hamid Zokaei A, Ashtarian H. The effect of endotracheal suctioning using or not using normal saline on respiratory physiologic parameters in open heart surgery patients. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci. 2013;17(4):237-43. [Persian] [
link]
24. Vanner R, Bick E. Tracheal pressures during open suctioning. Anaesthesia. 2008;63(3):313-5. [
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2044.2007.05348.x] [
PMID]
25. Muhaji M, Santoso B, Putrono P. Comparison of the effectiveness of two levels of suction pressure on oxygen saturation in patients with endotracheal tube. Belitung Nurs J. 2017;3(6):693-6. [
DOI:10.33546/bnj.300]
26. Bhanu Paramjyothi B, Daniel LE, Indira S. A study to assess the knowledge regarding ET suctioning among staff nurses and student nurses in NMCH, Nellore. Int J Appl Res. 2016;2(6):150-2. [
link]
27. Pedersen CM, Rosendahl-Nielsen M, Hjermind J, Egerod I. Endotracheal suctioning of the adult intubated patient- what is the evidence? Intensive Criti Care Nurs. 2009;25(1):21-30. [
DOI:10.1016/j.iccn.2008.05.004] [
PMID]
28. Gonçalves RL, Tsuzuki LM, Carvalho MGS. Endotracheal suctioning in intubated newborns: an integrative literature review. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2015;27(3):284-92. [
DOI:10.5935/0103-507X.20150048] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
29. Credland N. How to perform open tracheal suction via an endotracheal tube. Nurs stand. 2016;30(35):36-8.
https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.30.35.36.s46 [
DOI:10.7748/ns.30.28.36.s46] [
PMID]
30. American Association for Respiratory Care. Endotracheal suctioning of mechanically ventilated patients with artificial airways 2010. Respir Care. 2010;55(6):758-64. [
link]
31. Amini.SH NI, Naderi M. Mechanical ventilation physiological and clinical applications. Tehran: Teimourzadeh Medical Publicatin; 2003. [Persian] [
link]
32. Coutinho WM, Vieira PJ, Kutchak FM, Dias AS, Rieder MM, Forgiarini Jr LA. Comparison of mechanical insufflation-Exsufflation and endotracheal suctioning in mechanically ventilated patients: Effects on respiratory mechanics, hemodynamics, and volume of secretions. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2018;22(7):485-90. [
DOI:10.4103/ijccm.IJCCM_164_18] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
33. Arroyo-Novoa CM, Figueroa-Ramos MI, Puntillo KA, Stanik-Hutt J, Thompson CL, White C, et al. Pain related to tracheal suctioning in awake acutely and critically ill adults: A descriptive study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2008;24(1):20-7. [
DOI:10.1016/j.iccn.2007.05.002] [
PMID]
34. Paymard A, Khalili A, Zoladl M, Zarei Z, Javadi M. Comparison of the effect of open endotracheal tube suction with two different sizes of suction catheter on heart rate and blood pressure in patients hospitalized in intensive care unit: A randomized clinical trial. Qom Univ Med Sci J. 2017;11(4):1-9. [Persian] [
link]
35. Etemadifar S, Nemati SH ,Aslani Y, Mehr -Alian HA. Effects of intratracheal suctioning on hemodynamic parameters and arterial Oxygen. Iran J Nurs. 2008;21(54):31-9. [Persian] [
link]
36. Yousefi H, Vahdatnejad J, Yazdannik AR. Comparison of the effects of two levels of negative pressure in open endotracheal tube suction on the physiological indices among patients in intensive care units. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2014;19(5):473-7. [
link]
37. Mohammadpour A, Amini S, Shakeri M, Mirzaie S. Comparing the effect of open and closed endotracheal suctioning on patients' hemodynamic factors after coronary artery bypass grafting under mechanical ventilation. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2014;20(2):195-9. [
link]
38. Elsaman SE. Effect of application of endotracheal suction guidelines on cardiorespiratory parameters of mechanically ventilated patients. J Nurs Health Sci. 2017;6(1): 41-8 [
DOI:10.9790/1959-0601014148]
39. Paymard A, Khalili A, Zoladl M, Zareei Z, Javadi M. Comparison of pulse and arterial Oxygen saturation changes in endotracheal suction opening with two sizes of 12 and 14: A randomised controlled trial. Avicenna J Nurs Midwifery Care. 2017;25(2):1-7. [
DOI:10.21859/nmj-25021]
40. Dadkhah B, Amri P, Mohammadi M, Shabani-Faramarzi A. Comparative study of vital signs during open and closed suctioning in patients with head trauma hospitalized in ICU. J Health Care. 2017;19(2):169-76. [Persian] [
link]
41. Mohammadpour A, Amini S, Shakeri MT, Mirzaei S. Comparing the effect of open and closed endotracheal suctioning on pain and oxygenation in post CABG patients under mechanical ventilation. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2015;20(2):195. [
link]
42. Zolfaghari M, Nikbakht Nasrabadi A, Karimi Rozveh A, Haghani H. Effect of open and closed system endotracheal suctioning on vital signs of ICU patients. Hayat. 2008;14(1):13-20. [Persian] [
link]
43. Singh NC, Kissoon N, Frewen T, Tiffin N. Physiological responses to endotracheal and oral suctioning in paediatric patients: the influence of endotracheal tube sizes and suction pressures. Clin Intensive Care. 1991;2(6):345-50. [
link]
44. Lasocki S, Lu Q, Sartorius A, Fouillat D, Remerand F, Rouby J-J. Open and closed-circuit endotracheal suctioning in acute lung injuryefficiency and effects on gas exchange. Anesthesiology. 2006;104(1):39-47. [
DOI:10.1097/00000542-200601000-00008] [
PMID]
45. Yousefi H, Vahdatnejad J, Yazdannik AR. Comparison of the effects of two levels of negative pressure in open endotracheal tube suction on the physiological indices among patients in intensive care units. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2014;19(5):473-7. [
link]
46. Shamali M, Abbasinia M, Østergaard B, Konradsen H. Effect of minimally invasive endotracheal tube suctioning on physiological indices in adult intubated patients: An open-labelled randomised controlled trial. Aust Crit Care. 2018;32(3):199-204 [
DOI:10.1016/j.aucc.2018.03.007] [
PMID]